Review the pathophysiology of photophobia including the role of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, the limbic system, and the trigeminal-thalamic pain pathways. Discuss the different possible etiologies for photophobia post-TBI including ocular pathologies, migraine, blepharospasm, dry eye, medications, systemic disease (including thyroid disease) and psychiatric conditions. Elaborate on appropriate management options for patients including light re-adaptation strategies, tints, filters, medications, and environmental management of electronics and screen use and the evidence-based literature that supports it.