The world’s industries need to change and align to meeting international and local emission reduction targets in order to arrest and combat global warming. The international Maritime Organization (IMO) has set aggressive targets for a 40% CO2 reduction by 2030 and a 70% CO2 reduction by 2050. Further, the province of British Columbia has set similar or more aggressive targets specific to the transportation industry. The marine transportation industry has begun to shift into lower carbon energy sources to begin achieving the targets with the use of natural gas, battery electric hybrids, methanol, hydrogen, ammonia and other bio derivative, renewable or synthetic fuels. With so many fuels available, what are the best options and what are their considerations when they are incorporated into vessel designs. The paper examines the various forms of energy and provides a Canadian perspective on how they might best be applied to achieve our collective emission ambitions. The lower emissions pathways shows promise and will be compared to each prominent energy carriers which have gained popularity as decarbonization solutions; batteries, hydrogen, ammonia, LOHC, methanol, and CCUS, to name a few. Advantages, drawbacks, and limitations, will be explored with respect to well-to-wake emissions and energy efficiency weight as well the practicalities of use for common vessel types. Vard Marine and BC Ferries will explore the challenges of the various energy carriers from the perspective of the designer and local operator.